Fall 1987 - Capital University Law School - Contracts

Question I

Buckeye Lake Lodge was interested in acquiring an assortment of items to sell in its gift shop as souvenirs. It's owners hoped that through such sales it would be able to make a small profit, but more importantly, that it would be able to publicize the Buckeye Lake Lodge through distribution of T-Shirts, coffee cups, ashtrays, and posters, containing pictures of the Lodge and bearing its logo, a large buckeye floating on the lake.

On February 1, 1987, and in pursuit of this goal Buckeye sent a letter to a half-dozen firms that Lotta Kitsch owner of the Lodge, thought might be interested in manufacturing these items. The letter was as follows:

Buckeye Lake Lodge

Buckeye Lake, OH
February 1, 1987

Dear Sirs:

 

The owners of Buckeye Lake Lodge are interested in acquiring an assortment of T-shirts, coffee cups, ashtrays, and posters, containing pictures of the Lodge or bearing our logo, both of which are attached hereto. Please send us a quote your prices for these items and an indication of how much time it would take for you to deliver them to us after receipt of any order we might make.

Thank you very much for your help!

/s/ Lotta Kitsch

 

Upon receipt of this letter, on February 4, 1987 Harry Stone, president and manager of the Central State Novelty Company, sent the following to Lotta at Buckeye Lake Lodge, in the form of a personal letter:

Central State Novelty Co.
111 Downtown Street
Center City, OH

February 4, 1987

Dear Ms. Kitsch,

Thank you for your inquiry.

I am able to make available to you, through Central State Novelty Co. items of the type you are interested in at the following prices:

  • T-Shirts with Pictures of Buckeye Lake Lodge --- $7.00 per 100 in quantities of less than 1000; $6.50 per 100 in quantities over 1000; $5.00 in quantities over 5000.
  • T-Shirts with the Buckeye Lake Lodge Logo --- $6.50 per 100 in quantities of less than 1000; $6.00 per 100 in quantities over 1000; $5.00 in quantities over 5000.
  • Coffee Cups with Logo (plastic) --- $3.00 per 100; $2.75 in quantities over 1000.
  • Coffee Cups with Logo (glass) --- $4.00 per 100; $3.50 in quantities over 1000.
  • Ashtrays: Same as Coffee Cups.
  • Posters (Picture of Lodge or Logo) --- $4.00 per 100; $3.50 in quantities over 1000.

These items will be made available to you within 3 weeks of receipt of your order, upon approval by me, according to the additional terms contained on the attached information sheet.

Thank you again for your inquiry, and I look forward to the opportunity to fill your order for any of the above items.

Very truly yours,

/s/Harry Stone

President, Central State Novelty Co.

See attached terms and conditions of sale

The form attached to the letter contained the following:

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE

1. All goods sold are expressly warranted to be free from defect. Seller disclaims all implied warranties of MERCHANTABILITY and fitness for particular purpose. Seller agrees to repair or replace goods found to be defective, provided seller is notified of such defect within 10 days of buyer's receipt of goods sold to buyer. Seller shall not be liable for any incidental or consequential damages resulting from any defect in goods delivered under this contract. The remedy of repair or replacement in this contract is the exclusive remedy for any defect discovered and reported to seller in a timely fashion.

2. Buyer must pay for all goods upon receipt.

3. Buyer is responsible for insuring goods during transit between Seller's warehouse and Buyer's place of business. Buyer shall pay for any goods lost or destroyed while in shipment to Buyer.

The letter and accompanying form were mailed on February 4, 1987 and received, by Buckeye Lake Lodge on February 8, 1987. On that date Lotta, read the letter from Central State, and decided to place an order for T-Shirts, Coffee Cups, Ash Trays, and Posters. Lotta therefore sent the following letter to Central State:

Buckeye Lake Lodge

Buckeye Lake, OH
February 8, 1987
Dear Mr. Stone,

Thank you for your letter of February 4. We are pleased to accept your offer to manufacture and sell us the following:

 

  • 300 T-Shirts with our Picture at $7.00 each;
  • 200 T-Shirts with our Logo at $6.50 each;
  • 1000 Coffee Cups with Logo at $2.75 each.
  • 500 ash trays with logo at $3.00 each; and
  • 1000 Posters: 500 with Logo/500 with Lodge, at $3.50 each.

This will make the total price $11,150 as indicated below:

  • 300 @ $7.00= $2100
  • 200 @ $6.50= $1300
  • 1000 @ $2.75 = $2750
  • 500 @ $3.00= $1500
  • 1000 @ $3.50 = $3500

Total: = $11,150

We will be glad to pay this amount upon receipt of these items from you.

I am not sure what you mean by incidental and consequential damages, but we will, of course, expect to hold your firm responsible for any losses we might incur because of defects in your products. I can't, however, imagine how a defective T-Shirt or Coffee Cup could cause any harm to anyone.

Thank you again for helping us promote Buckeye Lake Lodge. We would be pleased to have you stay with us, sometime, as our guests, if you want a nice weekend on beautiful Buckeye Lake.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Lotta Kitsch

Buckeye Lake Lodge


This letter was received by Central State on February 10. The next day, February 11, Central ordered the necessary blank T-Shirts, Coffee Cups, Ash Trays, and Poster Blanks for use in filling Buckeye Lodge's order. These materials were obtained, from a local supplier at the following cost:

 

When the materials arrived a few days later, Central State began work immediately. A week later, on February 20, Central was a little over 1/2 done with the job, having finished the 300 T-Shirts containing the picture of the Lodge; 500 of the coffee cups; 250 of the ash trays; and the 500 posters which were to contain the Lodge Logo.

That day, February 20, Central State received the following letter from Buckeye Lake Lodge:

Buckeye Lake Lodge
Buckeye Lake, OH
February 18, 1987

Dear Harry,

I am very sorry, but we have decided not to go ahead, at this time, with our plans to sell the Buckeye Lake Lodge souvenirs that we ordered from you a few weeks ago. I was beginning to get worried when I hadn't heard back from you about whether you had approved our order, and then, after thinking about it some more, decided that we had best wait until next year or so before making such a big financial commitment.

I hope this has not inconvenienced you in any way, but since I had not received anything back from you I am confident that there will be no problem.

I will be in touch with your firm in the future if we decide to go through with this at some other time.

 

Very truly yours,

s/ Lotta Kitsch

Buckeye Lake Lodge

Upon reading this letter, Harry became most upset! He immediately called Lotta, and without letting her get a word in edgewise, told her that they had already begun working on the T-Shirts, Coffee Cups, Ash Trays, and Posters, and that Central State would expect Buckeye to pay for everything when it was done.

When he cooled down, however, Harry realized that it made more sense to divert the remaining blank T-Shirts, Coffee Cups, Ashtrays, and Poster materials to other jobs for different customers. In addition, he found someone willing to buy the already completed T-Shirts for use as rags. The 300 T-Shirts were thus sold for a total of $75 or 25 cents each. Unfortunately, he was unable to find anyone willing to buy the already completed coffee cups, ash trays, or Posters.

 

ASSUME THAT YOU ARE THE LAW CLERK FOR THE TRIAL JUDGE THAT HAS JUST HEARD THIS CASE ON THESE STIPULATED FACTS. PREPARE AN OPINION FOR HER TO ISSUE, CONTAINING A FULL EXPLANATION OF THE RELEVANT LEGAL ISSUES. THIS OPINION SHOULD INCLUDE ANY ARGUMENTS THAT MIGHT REASONABLY BE MADE ON BEHALF OF BOTH PARTIES, A CLEAR INDICATION OF HOW EACH SUCH ISSUE SHOULD BE RESOLVED, AND WHY.